Predictive effect of different obesity indexes on hypertension in adult residents of Anlu City, Hubei Province / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the predictive value of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and visceral obesity index (VAI) in the prevalence of hypertension in adult residents of Anlu City.  Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to investigate adult residents in Anlu. T test, χ2 test, Pearson correlation analysis and logistic regression model were used to analyze relationship between the obesity indicators and the prevalence of hypertension. The receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to analyze the predictive power of different obesity indexes for the prevalence of hypertension.  Results A total of 2 518 subjects were included in this study, including 705 patients with hypertension, with a prevalence rate of 28.00%. Occupation, marital status, educational level, abnormal blood glucose, dyslipidemia and obesity were the risk factors of hypertension. The correlation coefficients of BMI, WC, WHtR and VAI with systolic blood pressure were 0.32, 0.30, 0.34 and 0.10, respectively, and with diastolic blood pressure were 0.27, 0.26, 0.29 and 0.08, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that overweight OR=1.79 (CI: 1.43 - 2.25), obesity 2.94 (CI: 2.04 - 4.24), waist circumference OR=1.86 (CI: 1.43-2.40), waist height ratio OR=2.52 (CI: 1.97-3.20) and higher VAI OR=1.08 (CI: 1.02-1.15) were associated with a higher risk than those with normal weight. The AUCs of the four obesity indicators for predicting the prevalence of hypertension were WHtR (0.74) >BMI (0.70) >WC (0.69) >VAI (0.56), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion BMI, WC, WHtR and VAI are positively correlated with hypertension, and WHtR has a higher predictive value for hypertension.

Assessment of Supermolecule Profile Parameters among Type II Diabetic Patients: A Prospective Study

Background: Diabetic patients have a bigger probability of getting dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and fleshiness. This manner of dyslipidemia remains for the most part unknown or diagnosed late and beneath treated in high risk populations, like patient with type- two polygenic disorder. The aim of the study is to research the connection between body fluid lipid profile in type-2 diabetic patients. Methods: A cross sectional study done on one hundred patients with kind two polygenic disorders. The participants were already diagnosed as kind two diabetics and undergoing treatment. in line with NCEP-ATPIII guideline, hypercholesteremia is outlined as TC>5.2 mmol/l, high LDL- C once price >2.6 mmol/l, hypertriglyceridemia as TG >3.8 mmol/l and low HDL-C once price <1.0 mmol/l. Dyslipidemia was outlined by presence of 1 or quite one abnormal body fluidlipidconcentration.Diabetes disorderwasoutlinedas American diabetesAssociation (ADA) criteria. Results: ‘The mean age of the males (58.1±2.3) weren't statistically completely different (p=0.6402) from that of the females (57.1±1). The mean waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), Body adiposity Index (BAI) and Body Mass Index (BMI) of the feminine subjects were considerably high as compared with the male subjects (p=0.0008, 0.0002, 0.000 and 0.0002 respectively). Among the diabetic people, 59 (59%) people had just one abnormal lipid profile parameter, 34 (34.0%) had 2 abnormal lipid parameter and 27 (27%) people had quite two abnormal lipid profile parameters. Conclusion: We tend to terminate that early identification is accomplished through comparatively cheap blood testing and will be utilized for screening bad diabetic patients for timely intervention with lipid lowering medicine.

Value of Neck Circumference and Waist Circumference Measurement in Assessment of Overweight/Obesity in Adolescent Children

Background: To measure neck circumference and waist circumference, to compare it between normal and overweight/obese adolescents and to validate these with body mass index. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 500 school going children/adolescents. Body mass index, waist circumference and neck circumference were measured. Independent samples t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used as tests of significance to analyse quantitative data. Results: A positive correlation of neck circumference and waist circumference with body mass index was observed. The neck circumference and waist circumference in overweight/obese adolescents were significantly higher than adolescents with normal body mass index (P<0.001). Area under curve of waist circumference was more than area under curve of neck circumference. Cut off value of neck circumference for screening adolescent obesity in boys and girls were 30.73 cm, and 29.73 cm, respectively, and waist circumference cut off value were 70.73 cm for boys and 69.23 cm for girls at fairly good levels of  sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: Neck circumference and waist circumference may be used in clinical practice and epidemiological studies as an index of overweight/obesity among school-going adolescents.

Prevalence and significance of generalised and central body obesity among medical students

Background: Obesity is a major modifiable cardiovascular risk factor as studied by American Heart Association. Aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of generalised and central body obesity among Medical Students and association of obesity measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with health risk factors. Material and methods: The present study was conducted on 200 medical students including 102 males and 98 females in the age group of 18-23 years in the Department of Physiology, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. For generalised obesity (BMI> 25 kg/m2 and abdominal or central obesity (WC 94>cm in males and 80 >cm in females) were used. Results: The prevalence of generalised obesity in males and females was 75.51% (males 50.0%, females 25.51%) and abdominal or central obesity 82% (males 14% and females 68%). Isolated generalised obesity (BMI increased and WC normal) in males and female was 62.96% and 37.04% and isolated abdominal obesity (WC increased and BMI normal) in males and females 17.28% and 82.72%. Combined obesity (BMI and WC both increased) in males and females 40.12% and 59.88%. Conclusion: Prevalence of combined obesity was found high among both sexes. While isolated generalised obesity was more common in males and isolated abdominal obesity more common in females. However, these prevalence rates vary markedly depending on cut points used. WC is a better marker of obesity related risk than BMI.

Correlation between Anthropometric Indices and Lipid Profile in Adults.

Introduction: Obesity is a worldwide health issue, associated with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that health and well-being are adversely affected. Obesity may increase the risk of many diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension dyslipidemia, gallbladder diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Anthropometric measurements can easily reflect any changes in the lipid concentration in the human body. Intra-abdominal fat has been identified as being the most clinically relevant type of fat in humans. Abnormal visceral fat produces physiological changes that alter lipid profile, leading to dyslipidemia, which in turn increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Body mass index, waist and hip circumferences were found to be useful anthropometric predictors for cardiovascular risk. The aims and objectives of the study are Body mass index, waist and hip circumferences were found to be useful anthropometric predictors for cardiovascular risk. To evaluate the correlation between lipid profiles and anthropometric indices of total and central obesity. Methods: The present study was conducted among 90 adults (45 male, 45 female) in FH Medical College. All subjects were apparently healthy. The serum lipid profile included total cholesterol (TC), highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triacylglycerols (TG). BMI (kg/m2) was calculated using Quitelet’s index. Adults were classified according to their BMI into three groups. Results: Average age of males is 40.02 years and females 36.46 years. On the basis of BMI, there was 14.44% of normal weight persons, 26.67% overweight and 58.89% obese. Abnormal levels for TG in 35, TC in 20, LDL in 3, HDL in 27 of the total sample were found. Overall correlations were found between anthropometric analysis and lipid profiles. Conclusion: We found good correlations between anthropometric indices of general and central obesity and lipid profiles. Among, the anthropometric indices WHR proved to be a good predictor of dyslipidemia, showing the importance of using it in clinical practice and for screening of cardiovascular risk. Prospective studies using different parameters to assess abdominal obesity and its relationship to metabolic profile and with larger population are needed to quantify the results for application to community health lifestyle modifications.

Chemical constituents from Incarvillea sinensis var. przewalskii / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the whole plant of Incarvillea sinensis var. przewalskii, and a systematically phytochemical investigation was carried out. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatographies, such as silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 columns as well as semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were determined on the basis of MS, NMR spectroscopic analyses, and/or comparison with literature data. Results: Thirteen compounds, including alkaloids and phenylethanoid glycosides, were isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of the whole plants. Their structures were elucidated as p-butoxyl-salidroside (1), incasine C (2), incarvillateine (3), 7-hydroxyskytanthine (4), incarvilline (5), phenethylalcohol glucoside (6), martynoside (7), acteoside (8), deacylisomartynoside (9), decaffeoy1acteoside (10), carceorioside B (11), salidroside (12), and deacylacteoside dimethyl ether (13). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new one, and the other compounds are isolated from this species for the first time.

Assessment of overweight, obesity and metabolic variables among students of a private medical college in Dhaka city.

Background: Overweight and obesity are recognized as recent threat which affecting both developing and developed countries. Obesity and its associated morbidities are leading cause of most non-communicable diseases. Few recent studies have indicated the presence of increase in overweight and obesity among children and adolescent but there is no study among adult groups. Method and material: This cross sectional study was done to assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity and metabolic variables with their relation among medical students. Result: Our result reveals that 8.6% & 1.9% male and 15% & 3.2% female are suffering from overweight and obesity (based on BMI) respectively. More females (31.3% and 65.2%) are centrally obese than males (3.5% and 34.8%) (According to Waist Hip ratio and Waist Height ratio respectively). But according to Waist circumference more males (30.7%) are obese than females (24%). There is also significant difference of male and female BP. DBP and SBP of male (79.22mmHg & 118.9 mmHg) have high normal level than female (72.71mmHg and 108.67mmHg) (P<0.001). There is no significant difference of glycaemic status (p<.286) and lipid profile (p<.347) with central obesity. Conclusion: Although male students have high upper level of blood pressure, female students are more obese than males (both according to BMI and central obesity). High blood pressure and obesity both acts as risk factors for the development of non communicable disease. Student’s awareness therefore should be increased to reduce central obesity and BP within normal range.

Efficacy of Acarbose in combination with life style modification on waist circumference in patients with impaired glucose tolerance / 中国糖尿病杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of acarbose on waist circumference (WC) in patients with IGR. Methods A total of 46 subjects with IGT (2 hPG>7.8 mmol/L) were selected in this study. All the subjects were given diet and exercise treatment for half a month and then treated with acarbose for 3 months in combination with life style modification. Self-paired method was adopted to compare islet βcell function and WC before and after the treatment. Results After acarbose treatment for 3 months ,islet βcell function were markedly improved. Insulin secretion of Fins and 2 hIns decreased ,early insulin secretion index (ΔI30/ΔG30 ) significantly increased ,and BMI and WC were reduced significantly (P<0.05) . Multiple regression analysis showed that there was correlation between WC and TG ,insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and islet β-cell function index (HOMA-β) (P< 0.05). Conclusion Acarbose in combination with life style modification can improve islet β-cell function in patients with IGR and reduce WC and abdominal fat accumulation as well.

Estado nutricional, indicadores antropométricos y homocisteína sérica en mujerees posmenopáusicas venezolanas / Nutritional status, anthropometric index and serum omocysteine in postmenopausal Venezuelan women

Menopause is associated with an increased body weight and changes in fat distribution, high levels of homocysteine and cardiovascular risk factors associated with estrogen deficiency. The objective was to evaluate body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist/hip index (WHI), and serum homocysteine (Hct) levels in postmenopausal women (n 128). Nutritional status was diagnosed by BMI (WHO), WC (normal <88cm, at risk> 88cm), WHI (normal <0.8, at risk> 0.8), serum homocysteine (Hct) (ELISA) normal < 10 mmol/L, at risk >10-15mmol/L, high >15mmol/L and estradiol (ELISA) <65pg/mL (menopause). Sixty five point nine percent were overweight/obese, 47.3 percent and 82.2 percent showed cardio metabolic risk by WC and WHI. There was a significant difference for WHI, and a positive significant correlation between anthropometrics indexes. Ten percent showed risk and hyperhomocysteinaemia, but it was not correlated with the evaluated variables. The subjects had a high frequency of overweight, obesity and android fat distribution, showing a high risk for cardiometabolics diseases.

La menopausia se asocia a un aumento del peso corporal y a cambios en la distribución de grasa, describiéndose también niveles elevados de homocisteína, factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados al déficit de estrógenos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de cintura (CCi), el índice cintura-cadera (ICC), la homocisteína sérica en mujeres posmenopáusicas (n: 128). El diagnóstico nutricional antropométrico se determinó según IMC (OMS); se determinaron la CCi (normal <88cm, en riesgo >88cm), ICC (normal <0,8, en riesgo >0,8), homocisteína sérica (tHci) (ELISA): normal < 10mmol/L, en riesgo >10-15mmol/L, alta: >15mmol/L y estradiol (ELISA): <65pg/mL (posmenopausia). 65,9 por ciento presentaron sobrepeso/ obesidad. 47,3 por ciento y 82,2 por ciento en riesgo cardiometabólico según CCi e ICC. Hubo diferencia significativa para ICC y correlación positiva significativa entre indicadores antropométricos. 10 por ciento presentó riesgo e hiperhomocisteinemia. Este aminoácido no correlacionó con las variables evaluadas. Las mujeres evaluadas presentaron una alta frecuencia de sobrepeso-obesidad y una distribución de grasa tipo androide, presentando un alto riesgo para enfermedades cardiometabólicas.

Pilot study on metabolic syndrome prevalence among aging male / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

INTRODUCTION: Main reasons of metabolic syndrome are obesity and overweighing, which are becoming a global worldwide problem. Obesity is both a prevalent condition worldwide and a well-known, modifiable risk factor for various diseases, including diabetes. In a recent review article, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were reported as established risk factors for diabetes. GOAL: To define the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Mongolian aging man living in Ulaanbaatar city MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomly selected 180 men aged 35-90 years old were involved to this study. All were informed and written consent was given by each individual. The metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP definition: high blood pressure, high waist circumference, higher fasting sugar, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol. Anthropometric parameters like waist circumference (WC), weight, height, blood pressure and blood chemical parameters like glucose, triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-Ch) were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: Average age of all participants was 56.82±12.55 years and was divided in three age groups: 35-60 (n=112), 61-74 (n=47), 74-90 (n=17). The characteristics of participants are shown Mongolian men in 38.8 % (70) of all participants had a metabolic syndrome and in compare to T.Baysgalan’s study, implemented in 2007 was higher. In our opinion it depends on our study participant’s age, because in our study number of elderly were predominating than mentioned survey. Waist circumference in metabolic syndrome group is higher than in healthy control group (p<0.05). Triglyceride level does not change with aging, but in our study participants, the TG level was negatively correlated with aging in metabolic syndrome group (r = -0.307). HDL-cholesterol is abundantly circulating molecule in human plasma and shows anti-atherogenic effect. In our participants HDL-Ch decreases with aging (r=-0.174). CONCLUSION: Our pilot study present that metabolic syndrome prevalence reaches 38.8% of total aged, male participants, and it is leads to implement and provide an investigation in large range, including urban and rural areas of the country.

Adiponectin level in aging male of Mongolia / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

INTRODUCTION: Adipose tissue exclusively secretes adiponectin, a 244–amino-acid protein that regulates themetabolism of lipids and glucose and circulates quite abundantly in plasma. Adiponectin were still stronglyassociated with an increased diabetes risk in men; but the association for women was no longer statisticallysignificant. Adiponectin decreases insulin resistance and body weight by increasing lipid oxidation in muscleand other organs such as the pancreas and liver.GOAL: To define of adiponectin level in aging man living in Ulaanbaatar city.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomly selected 84 men aged 35-90 years old were involved to this study. Veinblood were collected, the serum were separated and were frozen until assayed by immunosorbent assay.Morning baseline adiponectin were determined in the sera. We used ELISA kit from Mesdia company (Korea).RESULT AND DISCUSSION: Average age of all participants was 56.82±12.55 years and was divided in three agegroups: 35-60 (31.1%), 61-74 (10%), 74-90 (5.55%). Levels of adiponectin were inversely associated with BMI(r=-0.103), WC (r=-0.173), and TG (r=0.143) and directly associated with age and HDL-C (r=0.117, p<0.001).All people were divided by NCEP criteria in two groups: metabolic syndrome group and healthy control group.Average adiponectin level in metabolic syndrome group was 4.83±7.10 ug/ml, in healthy group it was 5.71±7.53ug/ml, which shows that adiponectin level is significantly lower in people with metabolic syndrome.CONCLUSION: Adiponectin level was lower in people with metabolic syndrome and it has inverse correlation withwaist circumference.

Influence of tungsten carbide/carbon coating of implant-abutment screw on screw loosening / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Dental implant procedure has been recognized as a very effective treatment to rehabilitate fully or partially edentulous patients. However, mechanical failures such as screw loosening, screw fracture have been still reported frequently. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of tungsten carbide/carbon coating, which has superior hardness and frictional wear resistance, on implant-abutment screw loosening of three different joint connections after one million cyclic loading. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The values of detorque before and after loading were measured in three different joint connections (Osstem Implant, Korea), one external butt joint, US II implant system and two internal cones, SS II and GS II system. The values of detorque before loading was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and two-way ANOVA and Scheffe'test were performed for the value of detorque after loading. RESULTS: 1. The values of initial detorque of tungsten carbide/carbon coated Ti alloy screw were smaller those of Ti alloy screw (P.05). 2. In comparison of loss rate of detorque value after cyclic loading, US II system was greater than SS II and GS II system but there was no difference between SS II and GS II system (P.05). CONCLUSION: Tungsten carbide/carbon coating to increase preload with reduction of friction resistance was a effective way to decrease screw loosening by functional loading.

Detorque force and surface change of coated abutment screw after repeated closing and opening / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Recently researches about WC/C (Tungsten Carbide/Carbon) or TiN (Titanium Nitride) coating on abutment screws are going on. It decreases friction coefficient, resistance against corrosion and withdrawal of physical fragility when the coating is applied to the metal surfaces. It is reported that coated abutment screws improved abrasion, adaptability and detorque force. PURPOSE: This study is about the effects of coated abutment screws on loosening of screw and for the purpose of solving the loosening phenomenon of abutment screws which is clinical problem. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Detorque force and surface changes are compared when 10 times of repeated closing and opening are applied to both uncoated titanium abutment screws (Group A) and coated abutment screws with WC/C (Group B) and TiN (Group C). Each group was made up of 10 abutment screws. RESULTS: 1. Before repeated closing and opening, Somewhat rough surface with regular direction was observed in Group A. Coated granules were observed in group B and group C and overall coated layer appeared in regular and smooth form. 2. Before repeated closing and opening, The coated surface showed bigger and thicker size of coated granules in Group C than Group B. 3. After repeated closing and opening, abrasion and deformation of abutment screw surface was observed in Group A and Group B. Exfoliation phenomenon was observed in Group B. 4. Group A showed biggest range of decrease when the weight changes of abutment screws were measured before and after repeated closing and opening. Group C showed less weight changes than Group B but there was no statistical difference between two groups. 5. Group B and Group C showed higher average detorque force than Group A and there was statistical difference. 6. Group A showed more prominent decrease tendency of average detorque force than Group B and Group C. CONCLUSION: Coated abutment screws with WC/C or TiN did not show prominent surface changes than uncoated titanium abutment screws even though they were repeatedly used. And they showed excellent resistance against friction and high detorque force. Thus it is considered that adaptation of WC/C or TiN coating on abutment screws will improve the screw loosening problem.

A study on mechanical properties of TiN, ZrN and WC coated film on the titanium alloy surface / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS: In an attempt to reduce screw loosening, dry lubricant coatings such as pure gold or tefron have been applied to the abutment screw. However, under repeated tightening and loosening procedures, low wear resistance and adhesion strength of coating material produced free particles on the surface of abutment screw and increased frictional resistance resulting in screw tightening problems. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare friction coefficient, adhesion strength, vickers hardness and evaluate coating surface of titanium alloy specimens coated with TiN(titanium nitride), ZrN(zirconium nitride) and WC(tungsten carbide). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Titanium alloy(Ti-6Al-4V) discs of 12mm in diameter and 1mm in thickness divided into 4 groups. TiN, ZrN and WC was coated for the specimens of 3 groups respectively, and those of 1 group were not coated. Each group was made up of 4 specimens. In this study, sputtering method was used among the PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition) techniques available for TiN, ZrN and WC coatings. Friction coefficient, adhesion strength, vickers hardness and coating surface of 4 groups were measured. RESULTS: 1. For all three coating conditions, friction coefficient was significantly decreased. Especially, ZrN coated surface showed the lowest value. TiN(0.39+/-0.02), ZrN(0.24+/-0.01), WC(0.31+/-0.03). 2. TiN coating showed the highest adhesion strength, however ZrN coating had the lowest value. TiN(25.3N+/-1.6), ZrN(14.8N+/-0.6), WC(18.4N+/-0.7). 3. Vickers hardness of all three coatings was remarkably increased as compared with that of none coated specimen. TiN coating had the highest Vickers hardness, however WC coating showed the lowest value. TiN(1865.2+/-33.8), ZrN(1814.4+/-18.6), WC(1008.5+/-35.9). 4. The ZrN or WC coated specimen showed a homogeneous and smooth surface, however the rough surface with defects was observed for TiN coating. CONCLUSIONS: When TiN, ZrN and WC coating applied to the abutment screw, frictional resistance would be reduced, as a result, the greater preload and prevention of the screw loosening could be expected.

Phenotypic and functional analysis of bovine gammadelta lymphocytes

The studies have provided the first comprehensive comparison of the factors regulating activation and proliferation of WC1+ and WC1- gammadelta T cells. The investigation has shown that accessory molecules essential for activation and function of WC1+ and WC1- gammadelta T cells and the sources and roles of cytokines in activation of gammadelta T cells through the T cell receptor (TCR). The study has also shown that the role of cytokines in activation and function of gammadelta T cells activated indirectly through cytokines secreted by ab T cells, accessory cells and antigen presenting cells (APC). Cytokines were differentially produced by subpopulations of gammadelta T cells under different conditions of activation. The investigation obtained in this study has revealed that factors account for activation and proliferation of gammadelta T cells in cultures designed to study MHC-restricted responses to antigens. Evidence obtained here has shown there is biological relevance to activation under these culture conditions that points to potential regulatory and effector functions of gammadelta T cells. The investigations have also provided the information needed to begin identifying and characterizing antigens recognized by the TCR repertoires of WC1+ and WC1- gammadelta T cells. Finally, the investigations have provided the information needed to begin analysis of the mechanisms by which gammadelta T cells modulate MHC restricted immune responses to pathogens and derived vaccines.

Protective effects of active fraction and constituents from Flos Daturae on Chinese hamster ovary cells injuried by dimethyl sulfoxide / 中草药

Objective To observe the protective effects of various extracts from Flos Daturae (FD), including active fraction (AF-FD), withanolides constituents (WC-FD), and flavonoids constituents (FC-FD) on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells against cytotoxicity induced by DMSO. Methods The survival rate of CHO cells was examined by MTT assay and LDH leakage assays. Results Using MTT assay, coincubation of CHO cells with 3% DMSO for 24 h resulted in a significant reduction of survival rate of CHO cells. AF-FD was tested in a range of 10—80 ?g/mL to improve the survival rate of CHO cells in a dose-dependent manner. FC-FD (2.5—20 ?g/mL), but not WC-FD (30—120 ?g/mL), could significantly relieve the injury induced by 3% DMSO in CHO cells. In the measurement of LDH leakage, coincubation of CHO cells with 4.5% DMSO for 24 h obviously increased LDH release. However, all the compounds tested, including AF-FD (10—80 ?g/mL), WC-FD (30—120 ?g/mL), and FC-FD (2.5—20 ?g/mL) had no effect on LDH leakage induced by 4.5% DMSO. Conclusion The findings suggest that the FC-FD may protect CHO cells from DMSO cytotoxicity assessed by MTT assay, which may be associated with improving mitochondrial function, but not protecting the membrane injury of CHO cells.